The study investigates the role of aluminum speciation in defluorination, which is the process of removing fluoride from water. The results suggest that the formation of Al13 species is more effective than AlCl3 in removing fluoride, due to its higher charge density and larger size.

The study also explores the factors that affect the defluorination performance of aluminum species, such as pH, coagulant dosage, and initial fluoride concentration. The results indicate that the optimal conditions for defluorination depend on the specific aluminum species and water quality parameters.

The findings of the study have implications for improving the performance of coagulation processes, which are widely used in water treatment for removing impurities and contaminants. By understanding the mechanism of fluoride removal by aluminum species, water treatment operators can optimize their processes and reduce the risk of health problems associated with excessive fluoride intake.