Chlorination is a widely used method of water treatment that involves adding chlorine to water to kill bacteria and other pathogens. Chlorine can be added in the form of a gas, liquid, or solid, and is effective at a wide range of doses. However, chlorine can react with organic matter in water to form disinfection byproducts, which can be harmful to human health.

Filtration is another common method of water treatment that involves passing water through a physical barrier to remove particles and other contaminants. Filtration can be done using a variety of materials, including sand, gravel, and activated carbon. Filtration is effective at removing larger particles and some bacteria, but may not be effective at removing viruses or other small contaminants.

UV disinfection is a newer method of water treatment that involves exposing water to ultraviolet light to kill bacteria and other pathogens. UV disinfection is effective at a wide range of doses and does not produce disinfection byproducts. However, it requires a reliable source of electricity and may not be effective at removing larger particles or other contaminants.