This study examined existing research on materials used to clean up oil spills and treat oily wastewater. It reviewed various sorbents, including natural, artificial, and synthetic materials in different forms like fibers, granules, or powders. Findings indicate that for large spills, fibrous sorbents enclosed in permeable mats are most effective, especially using a blotting method. For smaller spills or oil slicks, loose or granulated sorbents are better. Treating wastewater with oil contamination is most successful using multilayer filters combining various types of sorbents. Additionally, modifying sorbent materials can improve their performance and lead to innovative cleanup methods. This approach allows for adaptable and highly efficient treatment systems using a wider range of materials and processes.