Water filtration takes advantage of the small size of water molecules, consisting of just three atoms. This small size allows larger particles, microorganisms, and contaminants to be trapped by screens or filters. The challenge is preventing filters from clogging, so a gradual reduction in filter grade is used to allow only water molecules to pass through.

The water filtration process, as described for EZEK systems and a 5-stage reverse osmosis system, involves multiple stages to ensure water quality. In EZEK systems, these stages include a Polypropylene (PP) filter to remove large particles, granular activated carbon to target chemicals and heavy metals, and a fine-grade EM-Medium filter to address microorganisms. In reverse osmosis, stages involve PP and carbon filters, a reverse osmosis membrane for removing dissolved particles, and a post-RO carbon filter to improve taste.

Reverse osmosis systems use a holding tank to store filtered water due to the slow filtration process through the fine-grade membrane. This ensures quick access to filtered water at the tap. Additionally, an extra post-RO carbon filter is employed to enhance the taste of the demineralized water, making it more appealing to some consumers