Access the evidence you need to make informed decisions. Our Knowledge Hub is a curated library of the latest research, case studies, and practical guides from leading experts in the WASH sector. Deepen your understanding of critical challenges and emerging best practices.
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Latest sync: November 5, 2026, 6:05am
Toxicological Profile for Aluminum
The article provides information on the health effects associated with exposure to chloroform, including its potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects.
Aluminum Fact Sheet
Factsheet
Potential health effects of aluminum exposure through drinking water and provides information on the sources, treatment, and regulation of aluminum in drinking water.
Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects
Journal Article
Exposure to Aluminium (Al) occurs through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, leading to health concerns such as oxidative stress, neurological disorders, and heart issues. This review underscores the diverse health implications of Al, advocating for continuous research on its public health impact.
Water Fluoridation Basics
Factsheet
Community water fluoridation, including its history, benefits, and safety. It also discusses the methods used for adding fluoride to drinking water, as well as the guidelines and regulations in place to ensure the safety and effectiveness of community water fluoridation.
Fluoride Fact Sheet
Factsheet
Provides information on the health benefits and risks associated with exposure to fluoride in drinking water, as well as the sources and levels of fluoride in water.
Mechanism of fluoride removal by AlCl3 and Al13: The role of aluminum speciation
Journal Article
Coagulation is vital for defluorination, but conventional methods leave excess residual aluminum. This study used AlCl3 and the molecule Al13 to treat fluoride-rich water. Different pH levels showed varied defluorination efficiencies. Analyzing floc compositions and aluminum residues revealed defluorination mechanisms, with coprecipitation playing a significant role. This research offers fresh perspectives on coagulation and defluorination processes.
Household Water Treatment for Fluoride Removal Factsheet: Bone Char Filter
Factsheet
Development and effectiveness of bone char-based filters for the removal of fluoride from drinking water.
Fluoride removal performance of highly porous activated alumina
Journal Article
Activated alumina (AA) is promising for fluoride removal but is limited by conventional production methods. This study synthesized porous AA using a sol–gel method, supercritical drying, and calcination. The enhanced AA demonstrated higher fluoride adsorption capacities, due to its increased porosity and surface area, outperforming traditionally produced AA. Adsorption processes involved both chemical and physical mechanisms.
Copper Fact Sheet
Factsheet
Health risks associated with exposure to copper in drinking water, as well as the sources and levels of copper in water.