This review analyzes the global occurrence, sources, fate, and health impacts of pesticides in drinking water. It details how pesticides from agriculture and urban areas contaminate surface and groundwater, posing risks such as endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, and developmental effects. The article reviews conventional and advanced treatment methods, highlighting the limitations of traditional approaches and the promise of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for effective pesticide removal. The authors call for improved monitoring, regulation, and adoption of advanced treatment technologies to ensure safe drinking water.

This study reviews emerging and innovative methods in water purification designed to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches such as filtration, chlorination, and reverse osmosis. Highlighted technologies include nanotechnology-based filtration (carbon nanotubes, graphene), solar-powered purification systems, biological filtration (constructed wetlands, microbial fuel cells), and advanced membrane techniques like forward osmosis and electrodialysis. The article emphasizes the potential of these methods to provide scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective solutions for clean water access, especially in regions facing water scarcity and contamination. The conclusion calls for integrating these advanced technologies into future water treatment systems to ensure global water security.

This study provides a comprehensive review of global responses to water scarcity and the associated risks to potable water quality. It examines how utilities and households cope with unreliable water supplies through practices like intermittent supply, blending, bulk delivery, and storage tanks. While these strategies offer temporary relief, they can introduce significant microbial and chemical risks if not properly managed. The study emphasizes the need for real-time monitoring, public education, and consistent disinfection practices to safeguard water quality. It concludes with recommendations for preventive maintenance, infrastructure upgrades, and household-level hygiene interventions to ensure sustainable and safe drinking water delivery.

Global access to clean and safe drinking water is examined through analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease and other international sources. The findings reveal that one in four people worldwide still lacks access to safe water, leading to over a million deaths each year, primarily from infectious diseases. The burden is heaviest in low-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6.1—universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030—has been slow, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas and across income levels.

The research examines the escalating global challenges of freshwater availability in the context of climate change, population growth, pollution, and mismanagement of water resources. It underscores the vital role of groundwater, the impacts of eutrophication and sea level rise on salinity intrusion, and the spread of water-borne diseases. Dr. Mishra advocates for integrated water management strategies including rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, pollution control, and public health interventions. The article also emphasizes the importance of climate change mitigation and disaster preparedness to ensure equitable access to safe and sufficient water for future generations.

This study highlights the critical role of clean water in supporting community health, especially in Timor-Leste and similar developing regions. The authors synthesize literature from 2011–2021, emphasizing that clean water must meet physical, chemical, and bacteriological standards to prevent waterborne diseases. The article links poor water quality to a range of health risks and underlines the importance of government and community efforts to ensure safe water access. While specific treatment technologies are not analyzed, the review calls for adherence to international standards and improved water management practices to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for clean water and sanitation.

The research documents the widespread and socially unequal crisis of drinking water and sanitation in the United States. Drawing on national data, it finds that nearly half a million households lack complete plumbing, and millions more live in areas with poor water or wastewater quality as indicated by regulatory violations. The crisis is regionally clustered and disproportionately affects rural, low-income, Indigenous, and minority communities, highlighting significant environmental injustices. It concludes that despite high national coverage rates, water hardship remains a major issue for vulnerable populations, underscoring the need for targeted policy and infrastructure interventions.

Water is essential for sustainable development, public health, and climate adaptation. Despite some progress, billions still lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation, with women and children facing the greatest impact. Poor access contributes to disease, child mortality, and lost economic opportunities. The UN promotes global action through initiatives like the Water Action Decade and the Water Action Agenda, focusing on improving access, governance, and investment.

Menstrual Hygiene Matters is a comprehensive resource developed by WaterAid to address the challenges of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) for women and girls in low- and middle-income countries. The guide comprises nine modules and toolkits that cover various aspects of MHM in different settings, such as communities, schools, and emergencies. It brings together global examples of good practices, offers guidance to build competence and confidence in addressing menstrual hygiene, and encourages advocacy to break the silence surrounding menstruation. The resource emphasizes that menstruation, though a natural process, is often surrounded by taboos and socio-cultural restrictions, leading to the neglect of MHM in WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) and other sectors. This neglect results in women and girls being denied their rights to health, education, dignity, and gender equity. The guide aims to make the invisible visible by highlighting the importance of integrating MHM into WASH programs and ensuring that women and girls have access to the necessary facilities and information to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity.